The Sundarban is the world’s largest mangrove forest, spanning India and Bangladesh. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, along with a rich variety of flora and fauna.
Location & Geography
- Spread across 10,000 sq. km, with 60% in Bangladesh and 40% in India (West Bengal)
- Lies in the delta region of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers
- A vast network of tidal rivers, mudflats, and mangrove forests
Biodiversity
- Fauna:
- Royal Bengal Tiger (world’s largest tiger population)
- Estuarine crocodiles, Gangetic dolphins, spotted deer, wild boars
- Over 260 bird species, including kingfishers, herons, and eagles
- Flora:
- Dominated by mangrove trees like Sundari (Heritiera fomes), from which the forest gets its name
- Other species: Gewa, Goran, and Nipa palm
Ecological Importance
- Acts as a natural barrier against coastal erosion, cyclones, and tidal waves
- Home to one of the most complex ecosystems in the world
- A vital carbon sink, helping combat climate change
Threats & Conservation
- Threats:
- Rising sea levels due to climate change
- Poaching & human-wildlife conflict
- Deforestation & illegal fishing activities
- Conservation Efforts:
- Declared a Biosphere Reserve in India
- Sundarbans National Park (India) and Sundarbans Reserve Forest (Bangladesh) for protection
- Community-based conservation projects and ecotourism initiatives
Tourism
- Popular activities: Boat safaris, birdwatching, tiger tracking, and exploring mangrove creeks
- Best time to visit: November to February (cooler months)
- Major entry points: Sajnekhali, Gosaba (India), Mongla, Khulna (Bangladesh)
The Sundarbans is not only an ecological treasure but also a lifeline for millions who depend on its resources. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure its survival amid growing environmental challenges.
